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Wolf's Amnesia
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Wolf's Amnesia
Wolf's Amnesia A transient selective loss of memory
during an exam that prevents one from remembering the eponymically-named
diseases discovered by old, dead doctors.
Addison's
Disease
· primary
adrenocortical deficiency
Addisonian
Anemia
· pernicious
anemia (antibodies to intrinsic factor or parietal cells ® ¯IF ® ¯Vit
B12 ®
megaloblastic anemia)
Albright's
Syndrome
· polyostotic
fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café au lait spots, short stature,
young girls
Alport's
Syndrome
· hereditary
nephritis with nerve deafness
Alzheimer's
· progressive
dementia
Argyll-Robertson
Pupil
· loss
of light reflex constriction (contralateral or bilateral)
· "Prostitute's
Eye" - accommodates but does not react
· Pathognomonic
for 3°Syphilis
Arnold-Chiari
Malformation
· cerebellar
tonsil herniation
Barrett's
· columnar
metaplasia of lower esophagus ( risk of adenocarcinoma)
Bartter's
Syndrome
· hyperreninemia
Becker's
Muscular Dystrophy
· similar
to Duchenne, but less severe (deficiency in dystrophin protein)
Bell's Palsy
· CNVII
palsy (entire face; recall that UMN lesion only affects
lower face)
Berger's
Disease
· IgA
nephropathy
Bernard-Soulier
Disease
· defect
in platelet adhesion (abnormally large platelets & lack of platelet-surface
glycoprotein)
Berry Aneurysm
· circle
of Willis (subarachnoid bleed)
· often
associated with ADPKD
Bowen's Disease
· carcinoma
in situ on shaft of penis ( risk of visceral ca)
Briquet's
Syndrome
· somatization
disorder
· psychological:
multiple physical complaints without physical pathology
Broca's Aphasia
· Motor
Aphasia intact comprehension
Brown-Sequard
· hemisection
of cord (contralateral loss of pain & temp / ipsilateral loss
of fine touch, UMN)
Bruton's
Disease
· X-linked
agammaglobinemia
Budd-Chiari
· post-hepatic
venous thrombosis
Buerger's
Disease
· acute
inflammation of small, medium arteries ® painful ischemia ® gangrene
Burkitt's
Lymphoma
· small
noncleaved cell lymphoma EBV
· 8:14
translocation
Caisson Disease
· gas
emboli
Chagas' Disease
· Trypansoma
infection sleeping disease, cardiomegaly with apical atrophy,
achlasia
Chediak-Higashi
Disease
· Phagocyte
Deficiency: neutropenia, albinism, cranial & peripheral neuropathy
· repeated
infections
Conn's Syndrome
· primary
aldosteronism
Cori's Disease
· glycogen
storage disease (debranching enzyme deficiency)
Creutzfeldt-Jakob
· prion
infection ®
cerebellar & cerebral degeneration
Crigler-Najjar
Syndrome
· congenital
hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated)
· glucuronyl
transferase deficiency
Crohn's
· IBD;
ileocecum, transmural, skip lesions, lymphocytic infiltrate, granulomas
(contrast to UC: limited to colon,
mucosa & submucosa, crypt abscesses, pseudopolyps, colon cancer risk)
Curling's
Ulcer
· acute
gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
Cushing's
· Disease:
hypercorticism 2°
to
ACTH from pituitary (basophilic adenoma)
· Syndrome:
hypercorticism of all other causes (1° adrenal or ectopic)
Cushing's
Ulcer
· acute
gastric ulcer associated with CNS trauma
de Quervain's
Thyroiditis
· self-limiting
focal destruction (subacute thyroiditis)
DiGeorge's
Syndrome
· thymic
hypoplasia ®
T-cell deficiency
· hypoparathyroidism
Down's Syndrome
· trisomy
21 or translocation
Dressler's
Syndrome
· Post-MI
Fibrinous Pericarditis autoimmune
Dubin-Johnson
Syndrome
· congenital
hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated)
· striking
brown-to-black discoloration of the liver
Duchenne Muscular
Dystrophy
· deficiency
of dystrophin protein ® MD X-linked recessive
Edwards'
Syndrome
· trisomy
18
· rocker-bottom
feet, low ears, heart disease
Ehler's-Danlos
· defective
collagen
Eisenmenger's
Complex
· late
cyanotic shunt (R®L)
pulmonary HTN & RVH 2° to long-standing VSD, ASD, or PDA
Erb-Duchenne
Palsy
· trauma
to superior trunk of brachial plexus Waiter's Tip
Ewing Sarcoma
· undifferentiated
round cell tumor of bone
Eyrthroplasia
of Queyrat
· carcinoma
in situ on glans penis
Fanconi's
Syndrome
· impaired
proximal tubular reabsorption 2° to lead poisoning or Tetracycline
(glycosuria, hyperphosphaturia, aminoaciduria, systemic acidosis)
Felty's Syndrome
· rheumatoid
arthritis, neutropenia, splenomegaly
Gardner's
Syndrome
· adenomatous
polyps of colon plus osteomas & soft tissue tumors
Gaucher's
Disease
· Lysosomal
Storage Disease glucocerebrosidase deficiency
· hepatosplenomegaly,
femoral head & long bone erosion, anemia
Gilbert's
Syndrome
· benign
congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated)
Glanzmann's
Thrombasthenia
· defective
glycoproteins on platelets
Goodpasture's
· autoimmune:
ab's to glomerular & alveolar basement membranes
Grave's Disease
· autoimmune
hyperthyroidism (TSI)
Guillain-Barre
· idiopathic
polyneuritis (ascending muscle weakness & paralysis;
usually self-limiting)
Hamman-Rich
Syndrome
· idiopathic
pulmonary fibrosis
Hand-Schuller-Christian
· chronic
progressive histiocytosis
Hashimoto's
Thyroiditis
· autoimmune
hypothyroidism
Hashitoxicosis
· initial
hyperthyroidism in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis that precedes hypothyroidism
Henoch-Schonlein
purpura
· hypersensivity
vasculitis
· hemmorhagic
urticaria (with fever, arthralgias, GI & renal involvement)
· associated
with upper respiratory infections
Hirschprung's
Disease
· aganglionic
megacolon
Horner's
Syndrome
· ptosis,
miosis, anhidrosis (lesion of cervical sympathetic nerves often 2°
to a Pancoast tumor)
Huntington's
· progressive
degeneration of caudate nucleus, putamen & frontal cortex; AD
Jacksonian
Seizures
· epileptic
events originating in the primary motor cortex (area 4)
Job's Syndrome
· immune
deficiency: neutrophils fail to respond to chemotactic stimuli
Kaposi Sarcoma
· malignant
vascular tumor (HHV8 in homosexual men)
Kartagener's
Syndrome
· immotile
cilia 2°
to defective dynein arms infection, situs inversus, sterility
Kawasaki Disease
· mucocutaneous
lymph node syndrome (lips, oral mucosa)
Klinefelter's
Syndrome
· 47,
XXY
Kluver-Bucy
· bilateral
lesions of amygdala (hypersexuality; oral behavior)
Krukenberg
Tumor
· adenocarcinoma
with signet-ring cells (typically originating from the stomach) metastases
to the ovaries
Laennec's
Cirrhosis
· alcoholic
cirrhosis
Lesch-Nyhan
· HGPRT
deficiency
· gout,
retardation, self-mutilation
Letterer-Siwe
· acute
disseminated Langerhans' cell histiocytosis
Libman-Sacks
· endocarditis
with small vegetations on valve leaflets
· associated
with SLE
Lou Gehrig's
· Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis degeneration of upper & lower motor neurons
Mallory-Weis
Syndrome
· bleeding
from esophagogastric lacerations 2° to wretching (alcoholics)
Marfan's
· connective
tissue defect
McArdle's
Disease
· glycogen
storage disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency)
Meckel's
Diverticulum
· rule
of 2's: 2 inches long, 2 feet from the ileocecum, in 2% of the population
· embryonic
duct origin; may contain ectopic tissue (gastric, pancreatic, etc.)
Meig's Syndrome
· Triad:
ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothorax
Menetrier's
Disease
· giant
hypertrophic gastritis (enlarged rugae; plasma protein loss)
Monckeberg's
Arteriosclerosis
· calcification
of the media (usually radial & ulnar aa.)
Munchausen
Syndrome
· factitious
disorder (consciously creates symptoms, but doesn't know why)
Nelson's
Syndrome
· 1°
Adrenal Cushings ®
surgical removal of adrenals ® loss of negative feedback to pituitary ®
Pituitary Adenoma
Niemann-Pick
· Lysosomal
Storage Disease sphingomyelinase deficiency
· "foamy
histiocytes"
Osler-Weber-Rendu
Syndrome
· Hereditary
Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Paget's Disease
· abnormal
bone architecture (thickened, numerous fractures ® pain)
Pancoast Tumor
· bronchogenic
tumor with superior sulcus involvement ® Horner's Syndrome
Parkinson's
· dopamine
depletion in nigrostriatal tracts
Peutz-Jegher's
Syndrome
· melanin
pigmentation of lips, mouth, hand, genitalia plus hamartomatous polyps
of small intestine
Peyronie's
Disease
· subcutaneous
fibrosis of dorsum of penis
Pick's Disease
· progressive
dementia similar to Alzheimer's
Plummer's
Syndrome
· hyperthyroidism,
nodular goiter, absence of eye signs (Plummer's = Grave's
- eye signs)
Plummer-Vinson
· esophageal
webs & iron-deficiency anemia, SCCA of esophagus
Pompe's Disease
· glycogen
storage disease ®
cardiomegaly
Pott's Disease
· tuberculous
osteomyelitis of the vertebrae
Potter's
Complex
· renal
agenesis ®
oligohydramnios ®
hypoplastic lungs, defects in extremities
Raynaud's
· Disease:
recurrent vasospasm in extremities
· Phenomenon:
2°
to underlying disease (SLE or scleroderma)
Reiter's
Syndrome
· urethritis,
conjunctivitis, arthritis non-infectious (but often follows infections),
HLA-B27, polyarticular
Reye's Syndrome
· microvesicular
fatty liver change & encephalopathy
· 2°
to aspirin ingestion in children following viral illness
Riedel's
Thyroiditis
· idiopathic
fibrous replacement of thyroid
Rotor Syndrome
· congenital
hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated)
· similar
to Dubin-Johnson, but no discoloration of the liver
Sezary Syndrome
· leukemic
form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)
Shaver's
Disease
· aluminum
inhalation ®
lung fibrosis
Sheehan's
Syndrome
· postpartum
pituitary necrosis
Shy-Drager
· parkinsonism
with autonomic dysfunction & orthostatic hypotension
Simmond's
Disease
· pituitary
cachexia
Sipple's
Syndrome
· MEN
type IIa (pheochromocytoma, thyroid medulla, parathyroid)
Sjogren's
Syndrome
· triad:
dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis risk of B-cell lymphoma
Spitz Nevus
· juvenile
melanoma (always benign)
Stein-Leventhal
· polycystic
ovary
Stevens-Johnson
Syndrome
· erythema
multiforme, fever, malaise, mucosal ulceration (often 2°
to infection or sulfa drugs)
Still's Disease
· juvenile
rheumatoid arthritis (absence of rheumatoid factor)
Takayasu's
arteritis
· aortic
arch syndrome
· loss
of carotid, radial or ulnar pulses
Tay-Sachs
· gangliosidosis
(hexosaminidase A deficiency ® GM2 ganglioside)
Tetralogy of
Fallot
· ÊVSD, Ëoverriding aorta, Ìpulmonary artery stenosis, Íright
ventricular hypertrophy
Tourette's
Syndrome
· involuntary
actions, both motor and vocal
Turcot's
Syndrome
· adenomatous
polyps of colon plus CNS tumors
Turner's
Syndrome
· 45,
XO
Vincent's
Infection
· "trench
mouth" - acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
von Gierke's
Disease
· glycogen
storage disease (G6Pase deficiency)
von Hippel-Lindau
· hemangioma
(or hemangioblastoma)
· adenomas
of the viscera, especially renal cell carcinoma
von Recklinghausen's
· neurofibromatosis
& café au lait spots
von Recklinghausen's
Disease of Bone
· osteitis
fibrosa cystica ("brown tumor") 2° to hyperparathyroidism
von Willebrand's
Disease
· defect
in platelet adhesion 2° to deficiency in vWF
Waldenstrom's
macroglobinemia
· proliferation
of IgM-producing lymphoid cells
Wallenberg's
Syndrome
· Posterior
Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) thrombosis "Medullary
Syndrome"
· Ipsilateral:
ataxia, facial pain & temp; Contralateral: body pain & temp
Waterhouse-Friderichsen
· catastrophic
adrenal insufficiency 2° to hemorrhagic necrosis (eg, DIC)
· often
2°
to meningiococcemia
Weber's Syndrome
· Paramedian
Infarct of Midbrain
· Ipsilateral:
mydriasis; Contralateral: UMN paralysis (lower face & body)
Wegener's
Granulomatosis
· necrotizing
granulomatous vasculitis of paranasal sinuses, lungs, kidneys, etc.
Weil's Disease
· leptospirosis
Wermer's
Syndrome
· MEN
type I (thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal cortex, pancreatic islets, pituitary)
Wernicke's
Aphasia
· Sensory
Aphasia impaired comprehension
Wernicke-Korsakoff
Syndrome
· thiamine
deficiency in alcoholics; bilateral mamillary bodies (confusion,
ataxia, ophthalmoplegia)
Whipple's
Disease
· malabsorption
syndrome (with bacteria-laden macrophages) & polyarthritis
Wilson's
Disease
· hepatolenticular
degeneration (copper accumulation & decrease in ceruloplasmin)
Wiskott-Aldrich
Syndrome
· immunodeficiency:
combined B- &T-cell deficiency (thrombocytopenia & eczema)
Wolff-Chaikoff
Effect
· high
iodine level (--)'s
thyroid hormone synthesis
Zenker's
Diverticulum
· esophageal;
cricopharyngeal muscles above UES
Zollinger-Ellison
· gastrin-secreting
tumor of pancreas (or intestine) ® acid ® intractable ulcers
Hallmark Findings
Albumino-Cytologic
Dissociation
· Guillain-Barre
(markedly increased protein in CSF with only modest increase in cell
count)
Antiplatelet
Antibodies
· idiopathic
thrombocytopenic purpura
Arachnodactyly
· Marfan's
Aschoff Bodies
· rheumatic
fever
Auer Rods
· acute
promyelocytic leukemia (AML type M3)
Autosplenectomy
· sickle
cell anemia
Babinski
· UMN
lesion
Basophilic
Stippling of RBCs
· lead
poisoning
Bence Jones
Protein
· multiple
myeloma free light chains (either kappa or lambda)
· Waldenstrom's
macroglobinemia
Birbeck Granules
· histiocytosis
X (eosinophilic granuloma)
Blue Bloater
· Chronic
Bronchitis
Boot-Shaped
Heart
· Tetralogy
of Fallot
Bouchard's
Nodes
· osteoarthritis
(PIP)
Boutonniere's
Deformity
· rheumatoid
arthritis
Brown Tumor
· hyperparathyroidism
Brushfield
Spots
· Down's
Call-Exner
Bodies
· granulosa
cell tumor
Cardiomegaly
with Apical Atrophy
· Chagas'
Disease
Chancre
· 1°
Syphilis
Chancroid
· Haemophilus
ducreyi
Charcot Triad
· multiple
sclerosis (nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech)
Charcot-Leyden
Crystals
· bronchial
asthma
Cheyne-Stokes
Breathing
· cerebral
lesion
Chocolate Cysts
· endometriosis
Chvostek's
Sign
· Hypocalcemia
facial spasm in tetany
Clue Cells
· Gardnerella
vaginitis
Codman's
Triangle
· osteosarcoma
Cold Agglutinins
· Mycoplasma
pneumoniae
· infectious
mononucleosis
Condyloma Lata
· 2°
Syphilis
· new
coffee flavor at Bagel & Bagel
Cotton Wool
Spots
· HTN
Councilman
Bodies
· dying
hepatocytes
Crescents In
Bowman's Capsule
· rapidly
progressive (crescentic glomerulonephritis)
Currant-Jelly
Sputum
· Klebsiella
Curschmann's
Spirals
· bronchial
asthma
Depigmentation
Of Substantia Nigra
· Parkinson's
Donovan Bodies
· granuloma
inguinale (STD)
Eburnation
· osteoarthritis
(polished, ivory-like appearance of bone)
Ectopia Lentis
· Marfan's
Erythema Chronicum
Migrans
· Lyme
Disease
Fatty Liver
· Alcoholism
Ferruginous
Bodies
· asbestosis
Ghon Focus
/ Complex
· Tuberculosis
(1°
& 2°,
respectively)
Gower's Maneuver
· Duchenne's
MD use of arms to stand
Heberden's
Nodes
· Osteoarthritis
(DIP)
Heinz Bodies
· G6PDH
Deficiency
Hemorrhagic
Urticaria
· Henoch-Schonlein
Heterophil
Antibodies
· infectious
mononucleosis (EBV)
Hirano Bodies
· Alzheimer's
Hypersegmented
PMNs
· Megaloblastic
anemia
Hypochromic
Microcytic RBCs
· iron-deficiency
anemia
Jarisch-Herxheimer
Reaction
· Syphilis
over-aggressive treatment of an asymptomatic pt. that causes symptoms
2°
to rapid lysis
Joint Mice
· osteoarthritis
(fractured osteophytes)
Kaussmaul Breathing
· acidosis
Keratin Pearls
· SCCA
Keyser-Fleischer
Ring
· Wilson's
Kimmelstiel-Wilson
Nodules
· diabetic
nephropathy
Koilocytes
· HPV
Koplik Spots
· measles
Lewy Bodies
· Parkinson's
(eosinophilic inclusions in damaged substantia nigra cells)
Lines of Zahn
· arterial
thrombus
Lisch Nodules
· neurofibromatosis
(von Recklinhausen's disease)
Lumpy-Bumpy
IF Glomeruli
· poststreptococcal
glomerulonephritis
McBurney's
Sign
· appendicitis
(McBurney's Point is 2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to anterior
superior iliac spine)
Michealis-Gutmann
Bodies
· Malakoplakia
Monoclonal
Antibody Spike
· multiple
myeloma this is called the M protein (usually IgG or IgA)
· MGUS
Myxedema
· hypothyroidism
Negri Bodies
· rabies
Neuritic Plaques
· Alzheimer's
Neurofibrillary
Tangles
· Alzheimer's
Non-pitting
Edema
· Myxedema
· Anthrax
Toxin
Notching of
Ribs
· Coarctation
of Aorta
Nutmeg Liver
· CHF
Painless Jaundice
· pancreatic
CA (head)
Pannus
· rheumatoid
arthritis
Pautrier's
Microabscesses
· mycosis
fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)
Philadelphia
Chromosome
· CML
· ALL
Pick Bodies
· Pick's
Disease
Pink Puffer
· Emphysema
Centroacinar - smoking Panacinar - a1-antitrypsin deficiency
Podagra
· gout
(MP joint of hallux)
Port-Wine Stain
· Hemangioma
Posterior Anterior
Drawer Sign
· tearing
of the ACL
Psammoma Bodies
· Papillary
adenocarcinoma of the thyroid
· Serous
papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary
· Meningioma
· Mesothelioma
Pseudohypertrophy
· Duchenne
muscular dystrophy
Punched-Out
Bone Lesions
· multiple
myeloma
Rash on Palms
& Soles
· 2°
Syphilis
· RMSF
Red Morning
Urine
· paroxysmal
nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Reed-Sternberg
Cells
· Hodgkin's
Disease
Reid Index
Increased
· chronic
bronchitis
Reinke Crystals
· Leydig
cell tumor
Rouleaux Formation
· multiple
myeloma RBC's stacked as poker chips
S3 Heart Sound
· L®R
Shunt (VSD, PDA)
· Mitral
Regurg
· LV
Failure
S4 Heart Sound
· Pulmonary
Stenosis
· Pulmonary
HTN
Schwartzman
Reaction
· Neisseria
meningitidis impressive rash with bugs
Simian Crease
· Down's
Smith Antigen
· SLE
(also anti-dsDNA)
Soap Bubble
on X-Ray
· giant
cell tumor of bone
Spike &
Dome Glomeruli
· membranous
glomerulonephritis
String Sign
on X-ray
· Crohn's
bowel wall thickening
Target Cells
· Thalassemia
Tendinous Xanthomas
· Familial
Hypercholesterolemia
Thyroidization
of Kidney
· chronic
pyelonephritis
Tophi
· gout
Tram-Track
Glomeruli
· membranoproliferative
glomerulonephritis
Trousseau's
Sign
· visceral
ca, classically pancreatic (migratory thrombophlebitis)
· hypocalcemia
(carpal spasm)
These are two
entirely different disease processes and different signs, but they unfortunately
have the same name.
Virchow's
Node
· supraclavicular
node enlargement by metastatic carcinoma of the stomach
Warthin-Finkeldey
Giant Cells
· Measles
WBC Casts
· pyelonephritis
Wire Loop Glomeruli
· lupus
nephropathy, type IV
AFP in amniotic fluid or mother's serum
· Spina
Bifida
· Anencephaly
Uric Acid
· Gout
· Lesch
Nyhan
· Myeloproliferative
Disorders
· Diuretics
(Loop & Thiazides)
¯
FEV1/FVC
· COPD
Most Common.
1°
Tumor arising from bone in adults
· Multiple
Myeloma
Adrenal Medullary
Tumor - Adults
· Pheochromocytoma
Adrenal Medullary
Tumor - Children
· Neuroblastoma
Bacterial Meningitis
- adults
· Neisseria
meningitidis
Bacterial Meningitis
- elderly
· Strep
pneumoniae
Bacterial Meningitis
- newborns
· E.
coli
Bacterial Meningitis
- toddlers
· Hib
Bone Tumors
· Metasteses
from Breast & Prostate
Brain Tumor
- Child
· Medulloblastoma
(cerebellum)
Brain Tumor
-Adult
· Astrocytoma
(including Glioblastoma Multiforme) then: mets, meningioma, Schwannoma
Breast Carcinoma
· Invasive
Duct Carcinoma
Breast Mass
· Fibrocystic
Change (Carcinoma is the most common is post-menopausal women)
Bug in Acute
Endocarditis
· Staph
aureus
Bug in debilitated,
hospitalized pneumonia pt
· Klebsiella
Bug in Epiglottitis
· Hib
Bug in GI Tract
· Bacteroides
(2nd - E. coli)
Bug in IV drug
user bacteremia / pneumonia
· Staph
aureus
Bug in PID
· N.
Gonnorrhoeae
Bug in Subacute
Endocarditis
· Strep
Viridans
Cardiac 1°
Tumor - Adults
· Myxoma
"Ball Valve"
Cardiac 1°
Tumor - Child
· Rhabdomyoma
Cardiac Tumor
- Adults
· Metasteses
Cardiomyopathy
· Dilated
(Congestive) Cardiomyopathy
Cause of 2°
HTN
· Renal
Disease
Cause of Addison's
· Autoimmune
(2nd - infection)
Cause of Congenital
Adrenal Hyperplasia
· 21-Hydroxylase
Deficiency (then, 11-)
Cause of Cushings
· Exogenous
Steroid Therapy (then, 1° ACTH, Adrenal Adenoma, Ectopic ACTH)
Cause of death
in Alzheimer pts
· Pneumonia
Cause of death
in Diabetics
· MI
Cause of Death
in SLE pts.
· Lupus
Nephropathy Type IV (Diffuse Proliferative)
Cause of Dementia
· Alzheimer's
Cause of Dementia (2nd most common)
· Multi-Infarct
Dementia
Cause of food
poisoning
· Staph
aureus
Cause of mental
retardation
· Down's
Cause of mental
retardation (2nd
most common)
· Fragile
X
Cause of preventable
blindness
· Chlamydia
Cause of Pulmonary
HTN
· COPD
Cause of SIADH
· Small
Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
Chromosomal
disorder
· Down's
Congenital
cardiac anomaly
· VSD
(membranous > muscular)
Congenital
early cyanosis
· Tetralogy
of Fallot
Coronary Artery
thrombosis
· LAD
Demyelinating
Disease
· Multiple
Sclerosis
Dietary Deficiency
· Iron
Disseminated
opportunistic infection in AIDS
· CMV
(Pneumocystis carinii is most common overall)
Esophageal
cancer
· SCCA
Fatal genetic
defect in Caucasians
· Cystic
Fibrosis
Female Tumor
· Leimyoma
Form of Amyloidosis
· Immunologic
(Bence Jones protein in multiple myeloma is also called the Amyloid
Light Chain)
Form of Tularemia
· Ulceroglandular
Gynecologic
malignancy
· Endometrial
Carcinoma
Heart Murmur
· Mitral
Valve Prolapse
Heart Valve
in bacterial endocarditis
· Mitral
Heart Valve
in bacterial endocarditis in IV drug users
· Tricuspid
Heart Valve
involved in Rheumatic Fever
· Mitral
then Aortic
Hereditary
Bleeding Disorder
· Von
Willebrand's Disease
Liver 1°
Tumor
· Hepatoma
Liver Disease
· Alcoholic
Liver Disease
Location of
Adult brain tumors
· Above
Tentorium
Location of
Childhood brain tumors
· Below
Tentorium
Lysosomal Storage
Disease
· Gaucher's
Motor Neuron
Disease
· ALS
Neoplasm -
Child
· Leukemia
Neoplasm -
Child (2nd
most common)
· Medulloblastoma
of brain (cerebellum)
Nephrotic Syndrome
· Membranous
Glomerulonephritis
Opportunistic
infection in AIDS
· PCP
Ovarian Malignancy
· Serous
Cystadenoma
Ovarian Tumor
· Hamartoma
Pancreatic
Tumor
· Adeno
(usually in the head)
Patient with
ALL / CLL / AML / CML
· ALL
- Child / CLL - Adult over 60 / AML - Adult over 60 / CML - Adult 35-50
Patient with
Goodpasture's
· Young
male
Patient with
Reiter's
· Male
Pituitary Tumor
· Prolactinoma
(2nd - Somatotropic "Acidophilic" Adenoma)
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
· Adenomas
(followed by: hyperplasia, then carcinoma)
Pt. With Hodgkin's
· Young
Male (except Nodular Sclerosis type - Female)
Pt. With Minimal
Change Disease
· Young
Child
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
· Hypocalcemia
of Chronic Renal Failure
Sexually transmitted
disease
· Chlamydia
Site of Diverticula
· Sigmoid
Colon
Site of metastasis
· Regional
Lymph Nodes
Site of metastasis (2nd most common)
· Liver
Sites of atherosclerosis
· Abdominal
aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid
Skin Cancer
· Basal
Cell Carcinoma
Stomach cancer
· Adeno
Testicular
Tumor
· Seminoma
Thyroid Cancer
· Papillary
Carcinoma
Tracheoesophageal
Fistula
· Lower
esophagus joins trachea / upper esophagus - blind pouch
Tumor of Infancy
· Hemangioma
Type of Hodkin's
· Mixed
Cellularity (versus: lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion,
nodular sclerosis)
Type of Non-Hodgkin's
· Follicular,
small cleaved
Vasculitis
(of medium & small arteries)
· Temporal
Arteritis
Viral Encephalitis
· HSV
Worm infection
in US
· Pinworm
(2nd - Ascaris)
Signature Drug Toxicities
Agranulocytosis
· Clozapine
Aplastic Anemia
· Chloramphenicol
· NSAIDs
· Benzene
Atropine-like
Side Effects
· Tricyclics
Cardiotoxicity
· Doxorubicin
· Daunorubicin
Cartilage Damage
in children
· Fluoroquinolones
(Ciprofloxacin & Norfloxacin)
Cinchonism
· Quinidine
Cough
· ACE
Inhibitors
Diabetes Insipidus
· Lithium
Disulfiram-like
effect
· Metronidazole
· Sulfonylureas
(1st generation)
Extrapyramidal
Side Effects
· Antipsychotics
(Thioridazine, Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine)
Fanconi's
Syndrome
· Tetracycline
Fatal Hepatotoxicity
(necrosis)
· Valproic
Acid
· Halothane
· Acetaminophen
Gingical Hyperplasia
· Phenytoin
Gray Baby Syndrome
· Chloramphenicol
Gynecomastia
· Cimetidine
· Azoles
· Spironolactone
· Digitalis
Hemolytic Anemia
in G6PD-deficiency
· Sulfonamides
· Isoniazid
· Aspirin
· Ibuprofen
· Primaquine
Hepatitis
· Isoniazid
Hot Flashes,
Flushing
· Niacin
· Tamoxifen
· Ca++
Channel Blockers
Induce CP450
· Barbiturates
· Phenytoin
· Carbamazepine
· Rifampin
Inhibit CP450
· Cimetidine
· Ketoconazole
Interstitial
Nephritis
· Methicillin
· NSAIDs
(except Aspirin)
· Furosemide
· Sulfonamides
Monday Disease
· Nitroglycerin
Industrial exposure ® tolerance during week ® loss of tolerance during weekend ®
headache, tach, dizziness upon re-exposure
Orange Body
Fluids
· Rifampin
Osteoporosis
· Heparin
· Corticosteroids
Positive Coombs'
Test
· Methyldopa
Pulmonary Fibrosis
· Bleomycin
· Amiodarone
Red Man Syndrome
· Vancomycin
Severe HTN
with Tyramine
· MAOIs
SLE-like Syndrome
· Procainamide
· Hydralazine
Tardive Dyskinesia
· Antipsychotics
(Thioridazine, Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine)
Tinnitus
· Aspirin
· Quinidine
Miscellaneous
Fastest growing
tumor - Burkitt's
PE's are found
in half of all autopsies
Courvoisier's
Law: tumors that obstruct the common bile duct cause enlarged gallbladders,
but obstructing gallstones do not (too much scarring).
Only DNA virus to
replicate in cytoplasm: Pox
Only RNA virus to
replicate in nucleus: Influenza
Bacillus anthracis
has the only protein capsule
Bordetella pertussis
(Whooping Cough) elicits lymphocytosis rather than granulocytosis
Bronchioalveolar
carcinomas grow without destroying the normal architecture of the lung
Cryptococcus
neoformans often lacks a capsule and, when stained with GMS, looks
just like Pneumycistis carinii, except that Cryptococcus
lacks the prominent nucleoli.
Milton Wolf Page of 9 06/06/97
Wolf's Amnesia
Wolf's Amnesia A transient selective loss of memory
during an exam that prevents one from remembering the eponymically-named
diseases discovered by old, dead doctors.
Addison's
Disease
· primary
adrenocortical deficiency
Addisonian
Anemia
· pernicious
anemia (antibodies to intrinsic factor or parietal cells ® ¯IF ® ¯Vit
B12 ®
megaloblastic anemia)
Albright's
Syndrome
· polyostotic
fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café au lait spots, short stature,
young girls
Alport's
Syndrome
· hereditary
nephritis with nerve deafness
Alzheimer's
· progressive
dementia
Argyll-Robertson
Pupil
· loss
of light reflex constriction (contralateral or bilateral)
· "Prostitute's
Eye" - accommodates but does not react
· Pathognomonic
for 3°Syphilis
Arnold-Chiari
Malformation
· cerebellar
tonsil herniation
Barrett's
· columnar
metaplasia of lower esophagus ( risk of adenocarcinoma)
Bartter's
Syndrome
· hyperreninemia
Becker's
Muscular Dystrophy
· similar
to Duchenne, but less severe (deficiency in dystrophin protein)
Bell's Palsy
· CNVII
palsy (entire face; recall that UMN lesion only affects
lower face)
Berger's
Disease
· IgA
nephropathy
Bernard-Soulier
Disease
· defect
in platelet adhesion (abnormally large platelets & lack of platelet-surface
glycoprotein)
Berry Aneurysm
· circle
of Willis (subarachnoid bleed)
· often
associated with ADPKD
Bowen's Disease
· carcinoma
in situ on shaft of penis ( risk of visceral ca)
Briquet's
Syndrome
· somatization
disorder
· psychological:
multiple physical complaints without physical pathology
Broca's Aphasia
· Motor
Aphasia intact comprehension
Brown-Sequard
· hemisection
of cord (contralateral loss of pain & temp / ipsilateral loss
of fine touch, UMN)
Bruton's
Disease
· X-linked
agammaglobinemia
Budd-Chiari
· post-hepatic
venous thrombosis
Buerger's
Disease
· acute
inflammation of small, medium arteries ® painful ischemia ® gangrene
Burkitt's
Lymphoma
· small
noncleaved cell lymphoma EBV
· 8:14
translocation
Caisson Disease
· gas
emboli
Chagas' Disease
· Trypansoma
infection sleeping disease, cardiomegaly with apical atrophy,
achlasia
Chediak-Higashi
Disease
· Phagocyte
Deficiency: neutropenia, albinism, cranial & peripheral neuropathy
· repeated
infections
Conn's Syndrome
· primary
aldosteronism
Cori's Disease
· glycogen
storage disease (debranching enzyme deficiency)
Creutzfeldt-Jakob
· prion
infection ®
cerebellar & cerebral degeneration
Crigler-Najjar
Syndrome
· congenital
hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated)
· glucuronyl
transferase deficiency
Crohn's
· IBD;
ileocecum, transmural, skip lesions, lymphocytic infiltrate, granulomas
(contrast to UC: limited to colon,
mucosa & submucosa, crypt abscesses, pseudopolyps, colon cancer risk)
Curling's
Ulcer
· acute
gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
Cushing's
· Disease:
hypercorticism 2°
to
ACTH from pituitary (basophilic adenoma)
· Syndrome:
hypercorticism of all other causes (1° adrenal or ectopic)
Cushing's
Ulcer
· acute
gastric ulcer associated with CNS trauma
de Quervain's
Thyroiditis
· self-limiting
focal destruction (subacute thyroiditis)
DiGeorge's
Syndrome
· thymic
hypoplasia ®
T-cell deficiency
· hypoparathyroidism
Down's Syndrome
· trisomy
21 or translocation
Dressler's
Syndrome
· Post-MI
Fibrinous Pericarditis autoimmune
Dubin-Johnson
Syndrome
· congenital
hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated)
· striking
brown-to-black discoloration of the liver
Duchenne Muscular
Dystrophy
· deficiency
of dystrophin protein ® MD X-linked recessive
Edwards'
Syndrome
· trisomy
18
· rocker-bottom
feet, low ears, heart disease
Ehler's-Danlos
· defective
collagen
Eisenmenger's
Complex
· late
cyanotic shunt (R®L)
pulmonary HTN & RVH 2° to long-standing VSD, ASD, or PDA
Erb-Duchenne
Palsy
· trauma
to superior trunk of brachial plexus Waiter's Tip
Ewing Sarcoma
· undifferentiated
round cell tumor of bone
Eyrthroplasia
of Queyrat
· carcinoma
in situ on glans penis
Fanconi's
Syndrome
· impaired
proximal tubular reabsorption 2° to lead poisoning or Tetracycline
(glycosuria, hyperphosphaturia, aminoaciduria, systemic acidosis)
Felty's Syndrome
· rheumatoid
arthritis, neutropenia, splenomegaly
Gardner's
Syndrome
· adenomatous
polyps of colon plus osteomas & soft tissue tumors
Gaucher's
Disease
· Lysosomal
Storage Disease glucocerebrosidase deficiency
· hepatosplenomegaly,
femoral head & long bone erosion, anemia
Gilbert's
Syndrome
· benign
congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated)
Glanzmann's
Thrombasthenia
· defective
glycoproteins on platelets
Goodpasture's
· autoimmune:
ab's to glomerular & alveolar basement membranes
Grave's Disease
· autoimmune
hyperthyroidism (TSI)
Guillain-Barre
· idiopathic
polyneuritis (ascending muscle weakness & paralysis;
usually self-limiting)
Hamman-Rich
Syndrome
· idiopathic
pulmonary fibrosis
Hand-Schuller-Christian
· chronic
progressive histiocytosis
Hashimoto's
Thyroiditis
· autoimmune
hypothyroidism
Hashitoxicosis
· initial
hyperthyroidism in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis that precedes hypothyroidism
Henoch-Schonlein
purpura
· hypersensivity
vasculitis
· hemmorhagic
urticaria (with fever, arthralgias, GI & renal involvement)
· associated
with upper respiratory infections
Hirschprung's
Disease
· aganglionic
megacolon
Horner's
Syndrome
· ptosis,
miosis, anhidrosis (lesion of cervical sympathetic nerves often 2°
to a Pancoast tumor)
Huntington's
· progressive
degeneration of caudate nucleus, putamen & frontal cortex; AD
Jacksonian
Seizures
· epileptic
events originating in the primary motor cortex (area 4)
Job's Syndrome
· immune
deficiency: neutrophils fail to respond to chemotactic stimuli
Kaposi Sarcoma
· malignant
vascular tumor (HHV8 in homosexual men)
Kartagener's
Syndrome
· immotile
cilia 2°
to defective dynein arms infection, situs inversus, sterility
Kawasaki Disease
· mucocutaneous
lymph node syndrome (lips, oral mucosa)
Klinefelter's
Syndrome
· 47,
XXY
Kluver-Bucy
· bilateral
lesions of amygdala (hypersexuality; oral behavior)
Krukenberg
Tumor
· adenocarcinoma
with signet-ring cells (typically originating from the stomach) metastases
to the ovaries
Laennec's
Cirrhosis
· alcoholic
cirrhosis
Lesch-Nyhan
· HGPRT
deficiency
· gout,
retardation, self-mutilation
Letterer-Siwe
· acute
disseminated Langerhans' cell histiocytosis
Libman-Sacks
· endocarditis
with small vegetations on valve leaflets
· associated
with SLE
Lou Gehrig's
· Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis degeneration of upper & lower motor neurons
Mallory-Weis
Syndrome
· bleeding
from esophagogastric lacerations 2° to wretching (alcoholics)
Marfan's
· connective
tissue defect
McArdle's
Disease
· glycogen
storage disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency)
Meckel's
Diverticulum
· rule
of 2's: 2 inches long, 2 feet from the ileocecum, in 2% of the population
· embryonic
duct origin; may contain ectopic tissue (gastric, pancreatic, etc.)
Meig's Syndrome
· Triad:
ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothorax
Menetrier's
Disease
· giant
hypertrophic gastritis (enlarged rugae; plasma protein loss)
Monckeberg's
Arteriosclerosis
· calcification
of the media (usually radial & ulnar aa.)
Munchausen
Syndrome
· factitious
disorder (consciously creates symptoms, but doesn't know why)
Nelson's
Syndrome
· 1°
Adrenal Cushings ®
surgical removal of adrenals ® loss of negative feedback to pituitary ®
Pituitary Adenoma
Niemann-Pick
· Lysosomal
Storage Disease sphingomyelinase deficiency
· "foamy
histiocytes"
Osler-Weber-Rendu
Syndrome
· Hereditary
Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Paget's Disease
· abnormal
bone architecture (thickened, numerous fractures ® pain)
Pancoast Tumor
· bronchogenic
tumor with superior sulcus involvement ® Horner's Syndrome
Parkinson's
· dopamine
depletion in nigrostriatal tracts
Peutz-Jegher's
Syndrome
· melanin
pigmentation of lips, mouth, hand, genitalia plus hamartomatous polyps
of small intestine
Peyronie's
Disease
· subcutaneous
fibrosis of dorsum of penis
Pick's Disease
· progressive
dementia similar to Alzheimer's
Plummer's
Syndrome
· hyperthyroidism,
nodular goiter, absence of eye signs (Plummer's = Grave's
- eye signs)
Plummer-Vinson
· esophageal
webs & iron-deficiency anemia, SCCA of esophagus
Pompe's Disease
· glycogen
storage disease ®
cardiomegaly
Pott's Disease
· tuberculous
osteomyelitis of the vertebrae
Potter's
Complex
· renal
agenesis ®
oligohydramnios ®
hypoplastic lungs, defects in extremities
Raynaud's
· Disease:
recurrent vasospasm in extremities
· Phenomenon:
2°
to underlying disease (SLE or scleroderma)
Reiter's
Syndrome
· urethritis,
conjunctivitis, arthritis non-infectious (but often follows infections),
HLA-B27, polyarticular
Reye's Syndrome
· microvesicular
fatty liver change & encephalopathy
· 2°
to aspirin ingestion in children following viral illness
Riedel's
Thyroiditis
· idiopathic
fibrous replacement of thyroid
Rotor Syndrome
· congenital
hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated)
· similar
to Dubin-Johnson, but no discoloration of the liver
Sezary Syndrome
· leukemic
form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)
Shaver's
Disease
· aluminum
inhalation ®
lung fibrosis
Sheehan's
Syndrome
· postpartum
pituitary necrosis
Shy-Drager
· parkinsonism
with autonomic dysfunction & orthostatic hypotension
Simmond's
Disease
· pituitary
cachexia
Sipple's
Syndrome
· MEN
type IIa (pheochromocytoma, thyroid medulla, parathyroid)
Sjogren's
Syndrome
· triad:
dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis risk of B-cell lymphoma
Spitz Nevus
· juvenile
melanoma (always benign)
Stein-Leventhal
· polycystic
ovary
Stevens-Johnson
Syndrome
· erythema
multiforme, fever, malaise, mucosal ulceration (often 2°
to infection or sulfa drugs)
Still's Disease
· juvenile
rheumatoid arthritis (absence of rheumatoid factor)
Takayasu's
arteritis
· aortic
arch syndrome
· loss
of carotid, radial or ulnar pulses
Tay-Sachs
· gangliosidosis
(hexosaminidase A deficiency ® GM2 ganglioside)
Tetralogy of
Fallot
· ÊVSD, Ëoverriding aorta, Ìpulmonary artery stenosis, Íright
ventricular hypertrophy
Tourette's
Syndrome
· involuntary
actions, both motor and vocal
Turcot's
Syndrome
· adenomatous
polyps of colon plus CNS tumors
Turner's
Syndrome
· 45,
XO
Vincent's
Infection
· "trench
mouth" - acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
von Gierke's
Disease
· glycogen
storage disease (G6Pase deficiency)
von Hippel-Lindau
· hemangioma
(or hemangioblastoma)
· adenomas
of the viscera, especially renal cell carcinoma
von Recklinghausen's
· neurofibromatosis
& café au lait spots
von Recklinghausen's
Disease of Bone
· osteitis
fibrosa cystica ("brown tumor") 2° to hyperparathyroidism
von Willebrand's
Disease
· defect
in platelet adhesion 2° to deficiency in vWF
Waldenstrom's
macroglobinemia
· proliferation
of IgM-producing lymphoid cells
Wallenberg's
Syndrome
· Posterior
Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) thrombosis "Medullary
Syndrome"
· Ipsilateral:
ataxia, facial pain & temp; Contralateral: body pain & temp
Waterhouse-Friderichsen
· catastrophic
adrenal insufficiency 2° to hemorrhagic necrosis (eg, DIC)
· often
2°
to meningiococcemia
Weber's Syndrome
· Paramedian
Infarct of Midbrain
· Ipsilateral:
mydriasis; Contralateral: UMN paralysis (lower face & body)
Wegener's
Granulomatosis
· necrotizing
granulomatous vasculitis of paranasal sinuses, lungs, kidneys, etc.
Weil's Disease
· leptospirosis
Wermer's
Syndrome
· MEN
type I (thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal cortex, pancreatic islets, pituitary)
Wernicke's
Aphasia
· Sensory
Aphasia impaired comprehension
Wernicke-Korsakoff
Syndrome
· thiamine
deficiency in alcoholics; bilateral mamillary bodies (confusion,
ataxia, ophthalmoplegia)
Whipple's
Disease
· malabsorption
syndrome (with bacteria-laden macrophages) & polyarthritis
Wilson's
Disease
· hepatolenticular
degeneration (copper accumulation & decrease in ceruloplasmin)
Wiskott-Aldrich
Syndrome
· immunodeficiency:
combined B- &T-cell deficiency (thrombocytopenia & eczema)
Wolff-Chaikoff
Effect
· high
iodine level (--)'s
thyroid hormone synthesis
Zenker's
Diverticulum
· esophageal;
cricopharyngeal muscles above UES
Zollinger-Ellison
· gastrin-secreting
tumor of pancreas (or intestine) ® acid ® intractable ulcers
Hallmark Findings
Albumino-Cytologic
Dissociation
· Guillain-Barre
(markedly increased protein in CSF with only modest increase in cell
count)
Antiplatelet
Antibodies
· idiopathic
thrombocytopenic purpura
Arachnodactyly
· Marfan's
Aschoff Bodies
· rheumatic
fever
Auer Rods
· acute
promyelocytic leukemia (AML type M3)
Autosplenectomy
· sickle
cell anemia
Babinski
· UMN
lesion
Basophilic
Stippling of RBCs
· lead
poisoning
Bence Jones
Protein
· multiple
myeloma free light chains (either kappa or lambda)
· Waldenstrom's
macroglobinemia
Birbeck Granules
· histiocytosis
X (eosinophilic granuloma)
Blue Bloater
· Chronic
Bronchitis
Boot-Shaped
Heart
· Tetralogy
of Fallot
Bouchard's
Nodes
· osteoarthritis
(PIP)
Boutonniere's
Deformity
· rheumatoid
arthritis
Brown Tumor
· hyperparathyroidism
Brushfield
Spots
· Down's
Call-Exner
Bodies
· granulosa
cell tumor
Cardiomegaly
with Apical Atrophy
· Chagas'
Disease
Chancre
· 1°
Syphilis
Chancroid
· Haemophilus
ducreyi
Charcot Triad
· multiple
sclerosis (nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech)
Charcot-Leyden
Crystals
· bronchial
asthma
Cheyne-Stokes
Breathing
· cerebral
lesion
Chocolate Cysts
· endometriosis
Chvostek's
Sign
· Hypocalcemia
facial spasm in tetany
Clue Cells
· Gardnerella
vaginitis
Codman's
Triangle
· osteosarcoma
Cold Agglutinins
· Mycoplasma
pneumoniae
· infectious
mononucleosis
Condyloma Lata
· 2°
Syphilis
· new
coffee flavor at Bagel & Bagel
Cotton Wool
Spots
· HTN
Councilman
Bodies
· dying
hepatocytes
Crescents In
Bowman's Capsule
· rapidly
progressive (crescentic glomerulonephritis)
Currant-Jelly
Sputum
· Klebsiella
Curschmann's
Spirals
· bronchial
asthma
Depigmentation
Of Substantia Nigra
· Parkinson's
Donovan Bodies
· granuloma
inguinale (STD)
Eburnation
· osteoarthritis
(polished, ivory-like appearance of bone)
Ectopia Lentis
· Marfan's
Erythema Chronicum
Migrans
· Lyme
Disease
Fatty Liver
· Alcoholism
Ferruginous
Bodies
· asbestosis
Ghon Focus
/ Complex
· Tuberculosis
(1°
& 2°,
respectively)
Gower's Maneuver
· Duchenne's
MD use of arms to stand
Heberden's
Nodes
· Osteoarthritis
(DIP)
Heinz Bodies
· G6PDH
Deficiency
Hemorrhagic
Urticaria
· Henoch-Schonlein
Heterophil
Antibodies
· infectious
mononucleosis (EBV)
Hirano Bodies
· Alzheimer's
Hypersegmented
PMNs
· Megaloblastic
anemia
Hypochromic
Microcytic RBCs
· iron-deficiency
anemia
Jarisch-Herxheimer
Reaction
· Syphilis
over-aggressive treatment of an asymptomatic pt. that causes symptoms
2°
to rapid lysis
Joint Mice
· osteoarthritis
(fractured osteophytes)
Kaussmaul Breathing
· acidosis
Keratin Pearls
· SCCA
Keyser-Fleischer
Ring
· Wilson's
Kimmelstiel-Wilson
Nodules
· diabetic
nephropathy
Koilocytes
· HPV
Koplik Spots
· measles
Lewy Bodies
· Parkinson's
(eosinophilic inclusions in damaged substantia nigra cells)
Lines of Zahn
· arterial
thrombus
Lisch Nodules
· neurofibromatosis
(von Recklinhausen's disease)
Lumpy-Bumpy
IF Glomeruli
· poststreptococcal
glomerulonephritis
McBurney's
Sign
· appendicitis
(McBurney's Point is 2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to anterior
superior iliac spine)
Michealis-Gutmann
Bodies
· Malakoplakia
Monoclonal
Antibody Spike
· multiple
myeloma this is called the M protein (usually IgG or IgA)
· MGUS
Myxedema
· hypothyroidism
Negri Bodies
· rabies
Neuritic Plaques
· Alzheimer's
Neurofibrillary
Tangles
· Alzheimer's
Non-pitting
Edema
· Myxedema
· Anthrax
Toxin
Notching of
Ribs
· Coarctation
of Aorta
Nutmeg Liver
· CHF
Painless Jaundice
· pancreatic
CA (head)
Pannus
· rheumatoid
arthritis
Pautrier's
Microabscesses
· mycosis
fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)
Philadelphia
Chromosome
· CML
· ALL
Pick Bodies
· Pick's
Disease
Pink Puffer
· Emphysema
Centroacinar - smoking Panacinar - a1-antitrypsin deficiency
Podagra
· gout
(MP joint of hallux)
Port-Wine Stain
· Hemangioma
Posterior Anterior
Drawer Sign
· tearing
of the ACL
Psammoma Bodies
· Papillary
adenocarcinoma of the thyroid
· Serous
papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary
· Meningioma
· Mesothelioma
Pseudohypertrophy
· Duchenne
muscular dystrophy
Punched-Out
Bone Lesions
· multiple
myeloma
Rash on Palms
& Soles
· 2°
Syphilis
· RMSF
Red Morning
Urine
· paroxysmal
nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Reed-Sternberg
Cells
· Hodgkin's
Disease
Reid Index
Increased
· chronic
bronchitis
Reinke Crystals
· Leydig
cell tumor
Rouleaux Formation
· multiple
myeloma RBC's stacked as poker chips
S3 Heart Sound
· L®R
Shunt (VSD, PDA)
· Mitral
Regurg
· LV
Failure
S4 Heart Sound
· Pulmonary
Stenosis
· Pulmonary
HTN
Schwartzman
Reaction
· Neisseria
meningitidis impressive rash with bugs
Simian Crease
· Down's
Smith Antigen
· SLE
(also anti-dsDNA)
Soap Bubble
on X-Ray
· giant
cell tumor of bone
Spike &
Dome Glomeruli
· membranous
glomerulonephritis
String Sign
on X-ray
· Crohn's
bowel wall thickening
Target Cells
· Thalassemia
Tendinous Xanthomas
· Familial
Hypercholesterolemia
Thyroidization
of Kidney
· chronic
pyelonephritis
Tophi
· gout
Tram-Track
Glomeruli
· membranoproliferative
glomerulonephritis
Trousseau's
Sign
· visceral
ca, classically pancreatic (migratory thrombophlebitis)
· hypocalcemia
(carpal spasm)
These are two
entirely different disease processes and different signs, but they unfortunately
have the same name.
Virchow's
Node
· supraclavicular
node enlargement by metastatic carcinoma of the stomach
Warthin-Finkeldey
Giant Cells
· Measles
WBC Casts
· pyelonephritis
Wire Loop Glomeruli
· lupus
nephropathy, type IV
AFP in amniotic fluid or mother's serum
· Spina
Bifida
· Anencephaly
Uric Acid
· Gout
· Lesch
Nyhan
· Myeloproliferative
Disorders
· Diuretics
(Loop & Thiazides)
¯
FEV1/FVC
· COPD
Most Common.
1°
Tumor arising from bone in adults
· Multiple
Myeloma
Adrenal Medullary
Tumor - Adults
· Pheochromocytoma
Adrenal Medullary
Tumor - Children
· Neuroblastoma
Bacterial Meningitis
- adults
· Neisseria
meningitidis
Bacterial Meningitis
- elderly
· Strep
pneumoniae
Bacterial Meningitis
- newborns
· E.
coli
Bacterial Meningitis
- toddlers
· Hib
Bone Tumors
· Metasteses
from Breast & Prostate
Brain Tumor
- Child
· Medulloblastoma
(cerebellum)
Brain Tumor
-Adult
· Astrocytoma
(including Glioblastoma Multiforme) then: mets, meningioma, Schwannoma
Breast Carcinoma
· Invasive
Duct Carcinoma
Breast Mass
· Fibrocystic
Change (Carcinoma is the most common is post-menopausal women)
Bug in Acute
Endocarditis
· Staph
aureus
Bug in debilitated,
hospitalized pneumonia pt
· Klebsiella
Bug in Epiglottitis
· Hib
Bug in GI Tract
· Bacteroides
(2nd - E. coli)
Bug in IV drug
user bacteremia / pneumonia
· Staph
aureus
Bug in PID
· N.
Gonnorrhoeae
Bug in Subacute
Endocarditis
· Strep
Viridans
Cardiac 1°
Tumor - Adults
· Myxoma
"Ball Valve"
Cardiac 1°
Tumor - Child
· Rhabdomyoma
Cardiac Tumor
- Adults
· Metasteses
Cardiomyopathy
· Dilated
(Congestive) Cardiomyopathy
Cause of 2°
HTN
· Renal
Disease
Cause of Addison's
· Autoimmune
(2nd - infection)
Cause of Congenital
Adrenal Hyperplasia
· 21-Hydroxylase
Deficiency (then, 11-)
Cause of Cushings
· Exogenous
Steroid Therapy (then, 1° ACTH, Adrenal Adenoma, Ectopic ACTH)
Cause of death
in Alzheimer pts
· Pneumonia
Cause of death
in Diabetics
· MI
Cause of Death
in SLE pts.
· Lupus
Nephropathy Type IV (Diffuse Proliferative)
Cause of Dementia
· Alzheimer's
Cause of Dementia (2nd most common)
· Multi-Infarct
Dementia
Cause of food
poisoning
· Staph
aureus
Cause of mental
retardation
· Down's
Cause of mental
retardation (2nd
most common)
· Fragile
X
Cause of preventable
blindness
· Chlamydia
Cause of Pulmonary
HTN
· COPD
Cause of SIADH
· Small
Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
Chromosomal
disorder
· Down's
Congenital
cardiac anomaly
· VSD
(membranous > muscular)
Congenital
early cyanosis
· Tetralogy
of Fallot
Coronary Artery
thrombosis
· LAD
Demyelinating
Disease
· Multiple
Sclerosis
Dietary Deficiency
· Iron
Disseminated
opportunistic infection in AIDS
· CMV
(Pneumocystis carinii is most common overall)
Esophageal
cancer
· SCCA
Fatal genetic
defect in Caucasians
· Cystic
Fibrosis
Female Tumor
· Leimyoma
Form of Amyloidosis
· Immunologic
(Bence Jones protein in multiple myeloma is also called the Amyloid
Light Chain)
Form of Tularemia
· Ulceroglandular
Gynecologic
malignancy
· Endometrial
Carcinoma
Heart Murmur
· Mitral
Valve Prolapse
Heart Valve
in bacterial endocarditis
· Mitral
Heart Valve
in bacterial endocarditis in IV drug users
· Tricuspid
Heart Valve
involved in Rheumatic Fever
· Mitral
then Aortic
Hereditary
Bleeding Disorder
· Von
Willebrand's Disease
Liver 1°
Tumor
· Hepatoma
Liver Disease
· Alcoholic
Liver Disease
Location of
Adult brain tumors
· Above
Tentorium
Location of
Childhood brain tumors
· Below
Tentorium
Lysosomal Storage
Disease
· Gaucher's
Motor Neuron
Disease
· ALS
Neoplasm -
Child
· Leukemia
Neoplasm -
Child (2nd
most common)
· Medulloblastoma
of brain (cerebellum)
Nephrotic Syndrome
· Membranous
Glomerulonephritis
Opportunistic
infection in AIDS
· PCP
Ovarian Malignancy
· Serous
Cystadenoma
Ovarian Tumor
· Hamartoma
Pancreatic
Tumor
· Adeno
(usually in the head)
Patient with
ALL / CLL / AML / CML
· ALL
- Child / CLL - Adult over 60 / AML - Adult over 60 / CML - Adult 35-50
Patient with
Goodpasture's
· Young
male
Patient with
Reiter's
· Male
Pituitary Tumor
· Prolactinoma
(2nd - Somatotropic "Acidophilic" Adenoma)
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
· Adenomas
(followed by: hyperplasia, then carcinoma)
Pt. With Hodgkin's
· Young
Male (except Nodular Sclerosis type - Female)
Pt. With Minimal
Change Disease
· Young
Child
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
· Hypocalcemia
of Chronic Renal Failure
Sexually transmitted
disease
· Chlamydia
Site of Diverticula
· Sigmoid
Colon
Site of metastasis
· Regional
Lymph Nodes
Site of metastasis (2nd most common)
· Liver
Sites of atherosclerosis
· Abdominal
aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid
Skin Cancer
· Basal
Cell Carcinoma
Stomach cancer
· Adeno
Testicular
Tumor
· Seminoma
Thyroid Cancer
· Papillary
Carcinoma
Tracheoesophageal
Fistula
· Lower
esophagus joins trachea / upper esophagus - blind pouch
Tumor of Infancy
· Hemangioma
Type of Hodkin's
· Mixed
Cellularity (versus: lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion,
nodular sclerosis)
Type of Non-Hodgkin's
· Follicular,
small cleaved
Vasculitis
(of medium & small arteries)
· Temporal
Arteritis
Viral Encephalitis
· HSV
Worm infection
in US
· Pinworm
(2nd - Ascaris)
Signature Drug Toxicities
Agranulocytosis
· Clozapine
Aplastic Anemia
· Chloramphenicol
· NSAIDs
· Benzene
Atropine-like
Side Effects
· Tricyclics
Cardiotoxicity
· Doxorubicin
· Daunorubicin
Cartilage Damage
in children
· Fluoroquinolones
(Ciprofloxacin & Norfloxacin)
Cinchonism
· Quinidine
Cough
· ACE
Inhibitors
Diabetes Insipidus
· Lithium
Disulfiram-like
effect
· Metronidazole
· Sulfonylureas
(1st generation)
Extrapyramidal
Side Effects
· Antipsychotics
(Thioridazine, Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine)
Fanconi's
Syndrome
· Tetracycline
Fatal Hepatotoxicity
(necrosis)
· Valproic
Acid
· Halothane
· Acetaminophen
Gingical Hyperplasia
· Phenytoin
Gray Baby Syndrome
· Chloramphenicol
Gynecomastia
· Cimetidine
· Azoles
· Spironolactone
· Digitalis
Hemolytic Anemia
in G6PD-deficiency
· Sulfonamides
· Isoniazid
· Aspirin
· Ibuprofen
· Primaquine
Hepatitis
· Isoniazid
Hot Flashes,
Flushing
· Niacin
· Tamoxifen
· Ca++
Channel Blockers
Induce CP450
· Barbiturates
· Phenytoin
· Carbamazepine
· Rifampin
Inhibit CP450
· Cimetidine
· Ketoconazole
Interstitial
Nephritis
· Methicillin
· NSAIDs
(except Aspirin)
· Furosemide
· Sulfonamides
Monday Disease
· Nitroglycerin
Industrial exposure ® tolerance during week ® loss of tolerance during weekend ®
headache, tach, dizziness upon re-exposure
Orange Body
Fluids
· Rifampin
Osteoporosis
· Heparin
· Corticosteroids
Positive Coombs'
Test
· Methyldopa
Pulmonary Fibrosis
· Bleomycin
· Amiodarone
Red Man Syndrome
· Vancomycin
Severe HTN
with Tyramine
· MAOIs
SLE-like Syndrome
· Procainamide
· Hydralazine
Tardive Dyskinesia
· Antipsychotics
(Thioridazine, Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine)
Tinnitus
· Aspirin
· Quinidine
Miscellaneous
Fastest growing
tumor - Burkitt's
PE's are found
in half of all autopsies
Courvoisier's
Law: tumors that obstruct the common bile duct cause enlarged gallbladders,
but obstructing gallstones do not (too much scarring).
Only DNA virus to
replicate in cytoplasm: Pox
Only RNA virus to
replicate in nucleus: Influenza
Bacillus anthracis
has the only protein capsule
Bordetella pertussis
(Whooping Cough) elicits lymphocytosis rather than granulocytosis
Bronchioalveolar
carcinomas grow without destroying the normal architecture of the lung
Cryptococcus
neoformans often lacks a capsule and, when stained with GMS, looks
just like Pneumycistis carinii, except that Cryptococcus
lacks the prominent nucleoli.
Milton Wolf Page of 9 06/06/97