Document Details
This table was put together by Milton Wolf and downloaded from the ...
- Click : 0
- Download : 0
- File Size : 16.58 K
- Document Type :
Memo
:
This table was put together by
Milton Wolf and downloaded from the University of Kansas' Medical
School.
Wolf's Amnesia A transient selective loss of memory
during an exam that prevents one from remembering the eponymically-named
diseases discovered by old, dead doctors.
This Table Has Been Modified
by Dr. Taylor
Addison's
Disease
· primary
adrenocortical deficiency
Albright's
Syndrome
· polyostotic
fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café au lait spots, short stature,
young girls
Alzheimer's
· progressive
dementia
Argyll-Robertson
Pupil
· loss
of light reflex constriction (contralateral or bilateral)
· "Prostitute's
Eye" - accommodates but does not react
· Pathognomonic
for 3°Syphilis
Arnold-Chiari
Malformation
· cerebellar
tonsil herniation
Barrett's
· columnar
metaplasia of lower esophagus ( risk of adenocarcinoma)
Becker's
Muscular Dystrophy
· similar
to Duchenne, but less severe (deficiency in dystrophin protein)
Bell's Palsy
· CNVII
palsy (entire face; recall that UMN lesion only affects lower face)
Berger's
Disease
· IgA
nephropathy
Bernard-Soulier
Disease
· defect
in platelet adhesion (abnormally large platelets & lack of platelet-surface
glycoprotein)
Berry Aneurysm
· circle
of Willis (subarachnoid bleed)
Broca's Aphasia
· Motor
Aphasia intact comprehension
Brown-Sequard
· hemisection
of cord (contralateral loss of pain & temp / ipsilateral loss of
fine touch, UMN)
Bruton's
Disease
· X-linked
agammaglobulinemia
Budd-Chiari
· post-hepatic
venous thrombosis
Buerger's
Disease
· acute
inflammation of small, medium arteries ® painful ischemia ® gangrene smoking
Burkitt's
Lymphoma
· small
noncleaved cell lymphoma Epstein-Barr Virus
· 8:14
translocation
Caisson Disease
· gas
emboli
Conn's Syndrome
· primary
aldosteronism
Creutzfeldt-Jakob
· prion
infection ®
cerebellar & cerebral degeneration
Crigler-Najjar
Syndrome
· congenital
hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated)
· glucuronyl
transferase deficiency
Crohn's
· Idiopathic
bowel Disease (IBD); ileocecum, transmural, skip lesions, lymphocytic
infiltrate, granulomas
(contrast to Ulcerative Colitis
(UC): limited to colon, mucosa & submucosa, crypt abscesses, pseudopolyps,
colon cancer risk)
Curling's
Ulcer
· acute
gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
Cushing's
· Disease:
hypercorticism 2°
to ACTH from pituitary (basophilic adenoma)
· Syndrome:
hypercorticism of all other causes (1° adrenal or ectopic)
Cushing's
Ulcer
· acute
gastric ulcer associated with CNS trauma
Di George's
Syndrome
· thymic
hypoplasia ®
T-cell deficiency
· hypoparathyroidism
Down's Syndrome
· trisomy
21 or translocation
Duchenne Muscular
Dystrophy
· deficiency
of dystrophin protein ® MD X-linked recessive
Edwards'
Syndrome
· trisomy
18
· rocker-bottom
feet, low ears, heart disease
Ehlers-Danlos
· defective
collagen
Eisenmenger's
Complex
· late
cyanotic shunt (R®L)
pulmonary HTN & RVH 2° to long-standing VSD, ASD, or PDA
Ewing Sarcoma
· undifferentiated
round cell tumor of bone; Onion Skinning
Erythroplasia
of Queyrat
· carcinoma
in situ on glans penis
Fanconi's
Syndrome
· impaired
proximal tubular reabsorption 2° to lead poisoning or Tetracycline (glycosuria,
hyperphosphaturia, aminoaciduria, systemic acidosis)
Felty's Syndrome
· rheumatoid
arthritis, neutropenia, splenomegaly
Gaucher's
Disease
· Lysosomal
Storage Disease glucocerebrosidase deficiency
· hepatosplenomegaly,
femoral head & long bone erosion, anemia
Gilbert's
Syndrome
· benign
congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated)
Goodpasture's
· autoimmune:
ab's to glomerular & alveolar basement membranes
Grave's Disease
· autoimmune
hyperthyroidism (TSI)
Guillain-Barré
· idiopathic
polyneuritis (ascending muscle weakness & paralysis; usually self-limiting)
Hamman-Rich
Syndrome
· idiopathic
pulmonary fibrosis
Hashimoto's
Thyroiditis
· autoimmune
hypothyroidism
Henoch-Schönlein
purpura
· hypersensitivity
vasculitis
· hemorrhagic
urticaria (with fever, arthralgias, GI & renal involvement)
· associated
with upper respiratory infections
Hirschsprung's
Disease
· aganglionic
megacolon
Horner's
Syndrome
· ptosis,
miosis, anhidrosis (lesion of cervical sympathetic nerves often 2°
to a Pancoast tumor)
Huntington's
· progressive
degeneration of caudate nucleus, putamen & frontal cortex; AD
Kaposi Sarcoma
· malignant
vascular tumor (HHV8 in homosexual men)
Kawasaki Disease
· mucocutaneous
lymph node syndrome (lips, oral mucosa)
Klinefelter's
Syndrome
· 47,
XXY
Krukenberg
Tumor
· adenocarcinoma
with signet-ring cells (typically originating from the stomach) metastases
to the ovaries
Lesch-Nyhan
· HGPRT
deficiency
· gout,
retardation, self-mutilation
Libman-Sacks
· endocarditis
with small vegetations on valve leaflets
· associated
with SLE
Lou Gehrig's
· Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis degeneration of upper & lower motor neurons
Mallory-Weiss
Syndrome
· bleeding
from esophagogastric lacerations 2° to retching (alcoholics)
Marfan's
Syndrome
· connective
tissue defect
McArdle's
Disease
· glycogen
storage disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency)
Meckel's
Diverticulum
· rule
of 2's: 2 inches long, 2 feet from the ileocecum, in 2% of the population
· embryonic
duct origin; may contain ectopic tissue (gastric, pancreatic, etc.)
Ménétrièr's
Disease
· giant
hypertrophic gastritis (enlarged rugae; plasma protein loss)
Mönckeberg's
Arteriosclerosis
· calcification
of the media (usually radial & ulnar artery)
Munchausen
Syndrome
· factitious
disorder (consciously creates symptoms, but doesn't know why)
Niemann-Pick
· Lysosomal
Storage Disease sphingomyelinase deficiency
· "foamy
histiocytes"
Osler-Weber-Rendu
Syndrome
· Hereditary
Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Paget's Disease
· abnormal
bone architecture (thickened, numerous fractures ® pain)
Pancoast Tumor
· bronchogenic
tumor with superior sulcus involvement ® Horner's Syndrome
Parkinson's
· dopamine
depletion in nigrostriatal tracts
Peutz-Jeghers
Syndrome
· melanin
pigmentation of lips, mouth, hand, genitalia plus hamartomatous polyps
of small intestine
Pick's Disease
· progressive
dementia similar to Alzheimer's
Plummer's
Syndrome
· hyperthyroidism,
nodular goiter, absence of eye signs (Plummer's = Grave's - eye
signs)
Pompe's Disease
· glycogen
storage disease ®
cardiomegaly
Pott's Disease
· tuberculous
osteomyelitis of the vertebrae
Raynaud's
· Disease:
recurrent vasospasm in extremities
· Phenomenon:
2°
to underlying disease (SLE or scleroderma)
Reiter's
Syndrome
· urethritis,
conjunctivitis, arthritis non-infectious (but often follows infections),
HLA-B27, polyarticular
Reye's Syndrome
· microvesicular
fatty liver change & encephalopathy
· 2°
to aspirin ingestion in children following viral illness
Shy-Drager
· parkinsonism
with autonomic dysfunction & orthostatic hypotension
Sjögren's
Syndrome
· triad:
dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis risk of B-cell lymphoma
Stein-Leventhal
· polycystic
ovary
Still's Disease
· juvenile
rheumatoid arthritis (absence of rheumatoid factor)
Takayasu's
arteritis
· aortic
arch syndrome
· loss
of carotid, radial or ulnar pulses
Tay-Sachs
· gangliosidosis
(hexosaminidase A deficiency ® GM2 ganglioside)
Tetralogy of
Fallot
VSD, overriding aorta, pulmonary
artery stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy
Tourette's
Syndrome
· involuntary
actions, both motor and vocal
Turner's
Syndrome
· 45,
X
von Gierke's
Disease
· glycogen
storage disease (G6Pase deficiency)
von Hippel-Lindau
· hemangioma
(or hemangioblastoma)
· adenomas
of the viscera, especially renal cell carcinoma
von Recklinghausen's
· neurofibromatosis
& café au lait spots
von Recklinghausen's
Disease of Bone
· osteitis
fibrosa cystica ("brown tumor") 2° to hyperparathyroidism
von Willebrand's
Disease
· defect
in platelet adhesion 2° to deficiency in vWF
Waldenström's
macroglobinemia
· proliferation
of IgM-producing lymphoid cells
Wegener's
Granulomatosis
· necrotizing
granulomatous vasculitis of paranasal sinuses, lungs, kidneys, etc.
Wernicke's
Aphasia
· Sensory
Aphasia impaired comprehension
Wernicke-Korsakoff
Syndrome
· thiamine
deficiency in alcoholics; bilateral mamillary bodies (confusion, ataxia,
ophthalmoplegia)
Whipple's
Disease
· malabsorption
syndrome (with bacteria-laden macrophages) & polyarthritis
Wilson's
Disease
· hepatolenticular
degeneration (copper accumulation & decrease in ceruloplasmin)
Zenker's
Diverticulum
· esophageal;
cricopharyngeal muscles above Upper Esophageal Sphincter
Zollinger-Ellison
· gastrin-secreting
tumor of pancreas (or intestine) ® acid ® intractable ulcers
Hallmark Findings
Antiplatelet
Antibodies
· idiopathic
thrombocytopenic purpura
Arachnodactyly
· Marfan's
Syndrome
Aschoff Bodies
· rheumatic
fever
Babinski reflex
· Upper
Motor Neuron lesion
Basophilic
Stippling of RBCs
· lead
poisoning
Bence Jones
Protein
· multiple
myeloma free light chains (either kappa or lambda)
· Waldenström's
macroglobinemia
Blue Bloater
· Chronic
Bronchitis
Boot-Shaped
Heart
· Tetralogy
of Fallot
Bouchard's
Nodes
· osteoarthritis
(PIP)
Boutonniere's
Deformity
· rheumatoid
arthritis
Brown Tumor
· hyperparathyroidism
Chancre
· 1°
Syphilis
Charcot-Leyden
Crystals
· bronchial
asthma
Chvostek's
Sign
· Hypocalcemia
facial spasm in tetany
Codman's
Triangle
· osteosarcoma
Cotton Wool
Spots
· Retinal
Damage Hypertension
Curschmann's
Spirals
· bronchial
asthma
Depigmentation
Of Substantia Nigra
· Parkinson's
Eburnation
· osteoarthritis
(polished, ivory-like appearance of bone)
Fatty Liver
· Alcoholism
Ferruginous
Bodies
· asbestosis
Ghon Focus
/ Complex
· Tuberculosis
(1°
& 2°
, respectively)
Gowers Maneuver
· Duchenne's
MD use of arms to stand
Heberden's
Nodes
· Osteoarthritis
(DIP)
Heinz Bodies
· G6PDH
Deficiency
Hemorrhagic
Urticaria
· Henoch-Schönlein
Hypochromic
Microcytic RBCs
· iron-deficiency
anemia
Joint Mice
· osteoarthritis
Kussmaul Breathing
· acidosis
Kayser-Fleischer
Ring
· Wilson's
Disease
Koplik Spots
· measles
Lewy Bodies
· Parkinson's
(eosinophilic inclusions in damaged substantia nigra cells)
Lines of Zahn
· arterial
thrombus
Lisch Nodules
· neurofibromatosis
(von Recklinghausen's disease)
Myxedema
· hypothyroidism
Negri Bodies
· rabies
Neuritic Plaques
· Alzheimer's
Neurofibrillary
Tangles
· Alzheimer's
Notching of
Ribs
· Coarctation
of Aorta
Nutmeg Liver
· CHF
Pannus
· rheumatoid
arthritis
Philadelphia
Chromosome
· CML
· ALL
Pick Bodies
· Pick's
Disease
Pink Puffer
· Emphysema
Centroacinar - smoking Panacinar - a1-antitrypsin deficiency
Podagra
· gout
Big Toe
Port-Wine Stain
· Hemangioma
Pseudohypertrophy
· Duchenne
muscular dystrophy
Punched-Out
Bone Lesions
· multiple
myeloma
Reed-Sternberg
Cells
· Hodgkin's
Disease
Reid Index
Increased
· chronic
bronchitis
Rouleaux Formation
· multiple
myeloma RBC's stacked as poker chips
S3 Heart Sound
· L®R
Shunt (VSD, PDA)
· Mitral
Regurgitation
· LV
Failure
S4 Heart Sound
· Pulmonary
Stenosis
· Pulmonary
Hypertension
Simian Crease
· Down's
Soap Bubble
on X-Ray
· giant
cell tumor of bone
Tendinous Xanthomas
· Familial
Hypercholesterolemia
Tophi
· gout
WBC Casts
· pyelonephritis
Alpha feto-protein
in amniotic fluid or mother's serum
· Spina
Bifida
· Anencephaly
Uric Acid
· Gout
· Lesch
Nyhan
· Myeloproliferative
Disorders
· Diuretics
(Loop & Thiazides)
¯
FEV1/FVC
· COPD
Most Common.
1°
Tumor arising from bone in adults
· Osteosarcoma
Adrenal Medullary
Tumor - Adults
· Pheochromocytoma
Bacterial Meningitis
- adults
· Neisseria
meningitidis
Bacterial Meningitis
- elderly
· Strep
pneumoniae
Bacterial Meningitis
- newborns
· E.
coli
Bone Tumors
· Metastases
from Breast & Prostate
Brain Tumor
- Child
· Medulloblastoma
(cerebellum)
Brain Tumor
-Adult
· Astrocytoma
(including Glioblastoma Multiforme) then: mets, meningioma, Schwannoma
Breast Carcinoma
· Invasive
Duct Carcinoma
Breast Mass
· Fibrocystic
Change (Carcinoma is the most common is post-menopausal women)
Bug in Acute
Endocarditis
· Staph.aureus
Bug in debilitated,
hospitalized pneumonia pt
· Klebsiella
Cardiac 1°
Tumor - Adults
· Myxoma
"Ball Valve"
Cardiac 1°
Tumor - Child
· Rhabdomyoma
Cardiac Tumor
- Adults
· Metastases
Cardiomyopathy
· Dilated
(Congestive) Cardiomyopathy
Cause of Addison's
· Autoimmune
(2nd - infection)
Cause of Cushing's
· Exogenous
Steroid Therapy (then, 1° ACTH, Adrenal Adenoma, Ectopic ACTH)
Cause of death
in Alzheimer patients
· Pneumonia
Cause of death
in Diabetics
· MI
Cause of Death
in SLE patients
· Lupus
Nephropathy Type IV (Diffuse Proliferative)
Cause of Dementia
· Alzheimer's
Cause of Dementia
(2nd most common)
· Multi-Infarct
Dementia
Cause of mental
retardation
· Down's
Cause of mental
retardation (2nd most common)
· Fragile
X
Cause of preventable
blindness
· Chlamydia
Chromosomal
disorder
· Down's
Congenital
cardiac anomaly
· Ventricular
Septal Defect
Congenital
early cyanosis
· Tetralogy
of Fallot
Coronary Artery
thrombosis
· Left
Anterior Descending Artery
Demyelinating
Disease
· Multiple
Sclerosis
Dietary Deficiency
· Iron
Disseminated
opportunistic infection in AIDS
· CMV
(Pneumocystis carinii is most common overall)
Esophageal
cancer
· Squamous
cell carcinoma
Fatal genetic
defect in Caucasians
· Cystic
Fibrosis
Female Tumor
· Leiomyoma
(Uterine Fibroids)
Gynecologic
malignancy
· Endometrial
Carcinoma
Heart Murmur
· Mitral
Valve Prolapse
Heart Valve
in bacterial endocarditis
· Mitral
Heart Valve
in bacterial endocarditis in IV drug users
· Tricuspid
Heart Valve
involved in Rheumatic Fever
· Mitral
then Aortic
Hereditary
Bleeding Disorder
· Von
Willebrand's Disease
Liver Disease
· Alcoholic
Liver Disease
Location of
Adult brain tumors
· Above
Tentorium
Location of
Childhood brain tumors
· Below
Tentorium
Lysosomal Storage
Disease
· Gaucher's
Motor Neuron
Disease
· Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis
Neoplasm -
Child
· Leukemia
Neoplasm -
Child (2nd most common)
· Medulloblastoma
of brain (cerebellum)
Nephrotic Syndrome
· Membranous
Glomerulonephritis
Ovarian Malignancy
· Serous
Cystadenoma
Ovarian Tumor
· Hamartoma
Pancreatic
Tumor
· Adenocarcinoma
(usually in the head)
Patient with
ALL / CLL / AML / CML
· ALL
- Child / CLL - Adult over 60 / AML - Adult over 60 / CML - Adult 35-50
Patient with
Goodpasture's
· Young
male
Patient with
Reiter's
· Male
Pituitary Tumor
· Prolactinoma
(2nd - Somatotropic "Acidophilic" Adenoma)
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
· Adenomas
(followed by: hyperplasia, then carcinoma)
Pt. With Hodgkin's
· Young
Male (except Nodular Sclerosis type - Female)
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
· Hypocalcemia
of Chronic Renal Failure
Sexually transmitted
disease
· Chlamydia
Site of Diverticula
· Sigmoid
Colon
Site of metastasis
· Regional
Lymph Nodes
Site of metastasis
(2nd most common)
· Liver
Sites of atherosclerosis
· Abdominal
aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid
Skin Cancer
· Basal
Cell Carcinoma
Stomach cancer
· Adenocarcinoma
Testicular
Tumor
· Seminoma
Thyroid Cancer
· Papillary
Carcinoma
Tracheoesophageal
Fistula
· Lower
esophagus joins trachea / upper esophagus - blind pouch
Tumor of Infancy
· Hemangioma
Type of Hodgkin's
Lymphoma
· Mixed
Cellularity (versus: lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion,
nodular sclerosis)
Type of Non-Hodgkin's
· Follicular,
small cleaved
Vasculitis
(of medium & small arteries)
· Temporal
Arteritis
Worm infection
in US
· Pinworm
(2nd - Ascaris)
This table was put together by
Milton Wolf and downloaded from the University of Kansas' Medical
School.
Wolf's Amnesia A transient selective loss of memory
during an exam that prevents one from remembering the eponymically-named
diseases discovered by old, dead doctors.
This Table Has Been Modified
by Dr. Taylor
Addison's
Disease
· primary
adrenocortical deficiency
Albright's
Syndrome
· polyostotic
fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café au lait spots, short stature,
young girls
Alzheimer's
· progressive
dementia
Argyll-Robertson
Pupil
· loss
of light reflex constriction (contralateral or bilateral)
· "Prostitute's
Eye" - accommodates but does not react
· Pathognomonic
for 3°Syphilis
Arnold-Chiari
Malformation
· cerebellar
tonsil herniation
Barrett's
· columnar
metaplasia of lower esophagus ( risk of adenocarcinoma)
Becker's
Muscular Dystrophy
· similar
to Duchenne, but less severe (deficiency in dystrophin protein)
Bell's Palsy
· CNVII
palsy (entire face; recall that UMN lesion only affects lower face)
Berger's
Disease
· IgA
nephropathy
Bernard-Soulier
Disease
· defect
in platelet adhesion (abnormally large platelets & lack of platelet-surface
glycoprotein)
Berry Aneurysm
· circle
of Willis (subarachnoid bleed)
Broca's Aphasia
· Motor
Aphasia intact comprehension
Brown-Sequard
· hemisection
of cord (contralateral loss of pain & temp / ipsilateral loss of
fine touch, UMN)
Bruton's
Disease
· X-linked
agammaglobulinemia
Budd-Chiari
· post-hepatic
venous thrombosis
Buerger's
Disease
· acute
inflammation of small, medium arteries ® painful ischemia ® gangrene smoking
Burkitt's
Lymphoma
· small
noncleaved cell lymphoma Epstein-Barr Virus
· 8:14
translocation
Caisson Disease
· gas
emboli
Conn's Syndrome
· primary
aldosteronism
Creutzfeldt-Jakob
· prion
infection ®
cerebellar & cerebral degeneration
Crigler-Najjar
Syndrome
· congenital
hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated)
· glucuronyl
transferase deficiency
Crohn's
· Idiopathic
bowel Disease (IBD); ileocecum, transmural, skip lesions, lymphocytic
infiltrate, granulomas
(contrast to Ulcerative Colitis
(UC): limited to colon, mucosa & submucosa, crypt abscesses, pseudopolyps,
colon cancer risk)
Curling's
Ulcer
· acute
gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
Cushing's
· Disease:
hypercorticism 2°
to ACTH from pituitary (basophilic adenoma)
· Syndrome:
hypercorticism of all other causes (1° adrenal or ectopic)
Cushing's
Ulcer
· acute
gastric ulcer associated with CNS trauma
Di George's
Syndrome
· thymic
hypoplasia ®
T-cell deficiency
· hypoparathyroidism
Down's Syndrome
· trisomy
21 or translocation
Duchenne Muscular
Dystrophy
· deficiency
of dystrophin protein ® MD X-linked recessive
Edwards'
Syndrome
· trisomy
18
· rocker-bottom
feet, low ears, heart disease
Ehlers-Danlos
· defective
collagen
Eisenmenger's
Complex
· late
cyanotic shunt (R®L)
pulmonary HTN & RVH 2° to long-standing VSD, ASD, or PDA
Ewing Sarcoma
· undifferentiated
round cell tumor of bone; Onion Skinning
Erythroplasia
of Queyrat
· carcinoma
in situ on glans penis
Fanconi's
Syndrome
· impaired
proximal tubular reabsorption 2° to lead poisoning or Tetracycline (glycosuria,
hyperphosphaturia, aminoaciduria, systemic acidosis)
Felty's Syndrome
· rheumatoid
arthritis, neutropenia, splenomegaly
Gaucher's
Disease
· Lysosomal
Storage Disease glucocerebrosidase deficiency
· hepatosplenomegaly,
femoral head & long bone erosion, anemia
Gilbert's
Syndrome
· benign
congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated)
Goodpasture's
· autoimmune:
ab's to glomerular & alveolar basement membranes
Grave's Disease
· autoimmune
hyperthyroidism (TSI)
Guillain-Barré
· idiopathic
polyneuritis (ascending muscle weakness & paralysis; usually self-limiting)
Hamman-Rich
Syndrome
· idiopathic
pulmonary fibrosis
Hashimoto's
Thyroiditis
· autoimmune
hypothyroidism
Henoch-Schönlein
purpura
· hypersensitivity
vasculitis
· hemorrhagic
urticaria (with fever, arthralgias, GI & renal involvement)
· associated
with upper respiratory infections
Hirschsprung's
Disease
· aganglionic
megacolon
Horner's
Syndrome
· ptosis,
miosis, anhidrosis (lesion of cervical sympathetic nerves often 2°
to a Pancoast tumor)
Huntington's
· progressive
degeneration of caudate nucleus, putamen & frontal cortex; AD
Kaposi Sarcoma
· malignant
vascular tumor (HHV8 in homosexual men)
Kawasaki Disease
· mucocutaneous
lymph node syndrome (lips, oral mucosa)
Klinefelter's
Syndrome
· 47,
XXY
Krukenberg
Tumor
· adenocarcinoma
with signet-ring cells (typically originating from the stomach) metastases
to the ovaries
Lesch-Nyhan
· HGPRT
deficiency
· gout,
retardation, self-mutilation
Libman-Sacks
· endocarditis
with small vegetations on valve leaflets
· associated
with SLE
Lou Gehrig's
· Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis degeneration of upper & lower motor neurons
Mallory-Weiss
Syndrome
· bleeding
from esophagogastric lacerations 2° to retching (alcoholics)
Marfan's
Syndrome
· connective
tissue defect
McArdle's
Disease
· glycogen
storage disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency)
Meckel's
Diverticulum
· rule
of 2's: 2 inches long, 2 feet from the ileocecum, in 2% of the population
· embryonic
duct origin; may contain ectopic tissue (gastric, pancreatic, etc.)
Ménétrièr's
Disease
· giant
hypertrophic gastritis (enlarged rugae; plasma protein loss)
Mönckeberg's
Arteriosclerosis
· calcification
of the media (usually radial & ulnar artery)
Munchausen
Syndrome
· factitious
disorder (consciously creates symptoms, but doesn't know why)
Niemann-Pick
· Lysosomal
Storage Disease sphingomyelinase deficiency
· "foamy
histiocytes"
Osler-Weber-Rendu
Syndrome
· Hereditary
Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Paget's Disease
· abnormal
bone architecture (thickened, numerous fractures ® pain)
Pancoast Tumor
· bronchogenic
tumor with superior sulcus involvement ® Horner's Syndrome
Parkinson's
· dopamine
depletion in nigrostriatal tracts
Peutz-Jeghers
Syndrome
· melanin
pigmentation of lips, mouth, hand, genitalia plus hamartomatous polyps
of small intestine
Pick's Disease
· progressive
dementia similar to Alzheimer's
Plummer's
Syndrome
· hyperthyroidism,
nodular goiter, absence of eye signs (Plummer's = Grave's - eye
signs)
Pompe's Disease
· glycogen
storage disease ®
cardiomegaly
Pott's Disease
· tuberculous
osteomyelitis of the vertebrae
Raynaud's
· Disease:
recurrent vasospasm in extremities
· Phenomenon:
2°
to underlying disease (SLE or scleroderma)
Reiter's
Syndrome
· urethritis,
conjunctivitis, arthritis non-infectious (but often follows infections),
HLA-B27, polyarticular
Reye's Syndrome
· microvesicular
fatty liver change & encephalopathy
· 2°
to aspirin ingestion in children following viral illness
Shy-Drager
· parkinsonism
with autonomic dysfunction & orthostatic hypotension
Sjögren's
Syndrome
· triad:
dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis risk of B-cell lymphoma
Stein-Leventhal
· polycystic
ovary
Still's Disease
· juvenile
rheumatoid arthritis (absence of rheumatoid factor)
Takayasu's
arteritis
· aortic
arch syndrome
· loss
of carotid, radial or ulnar pulses
Tay-Sachs
· gangliosidosis
(hexosaminidase A deficiency ® GM2 ganglioside)
Tetralogy of
Fallot
VSD, overriding aorta, pulmonary
artery stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy
Tourette's
Syndrome
· involuntary
actions, both motor and vocal
Turner's
Syndrome
· 45,
X
von Gierke's
Disease
· glycogen
storage disease (G6Pase deficiency)
von Hippel-Lindau
· hemangioma
(or hemangioblastoma)
· adenomas
of the viscera, especially renal cell carcinoma
von Recklinghausen's
· neurofibromatosis
& café au lait spots
von Recklinghausen's
Disease of Bone
· osteitis
fibrosa cystica ("brown tumor") 2° to hyperparathyroidism
von Willebrand's
Disease
· defect
in platelet adhesion 2° to deficiency in vWF
Waldenström's
macroglobinemia
· proliferation
of IgM-producing lymphoid cells
Wegener's
Granulomatosis
· necrotizing
granulomatous vasculitis of paranasal sinuses, lungs, kidneys, etc.
Wernicke's
Aphasia
· Sensory
Aphasia impaired comprehension
Wernicke-Korsakoff
Syndrome
· thiamine
deficiency in alcoholics; bilateral mamillary bodies (confusion, ataxia,
ophthalmoplegia)
Whipple's
Disease
· malabsorption
syndrome (with bacteria-laden macrophages) & polyarthritis
Wilson's
Disease
· hepatolenticular
degeneration (copper accumulation & decrease in ceruloplasmin)
Zenker's
Diverticulum
· esophageal;
cricopharyngeal muscles above Upper Esophageal Sphincter
Zollinger-Ellison
· gastrin-secreting
tumor of pancreas (or intestine) ® acid ® intractable ulcers
Hallmark Findings
Antiplatelet
Antibodies
· idiopathic
thrombocytopenic purpura
Arachnodactyly
· Marfan's
Syndrome
Aschoff Bodies
· rheumatic
fever
Babinski reflex
· Upper
Motor Neuron lesion
Basophilic
Stippling of RBCs
· lead
poisoning
Bence Jones
Protein
· multiple
myeloma free light chains (either kappa or lambda)
· Waldenström's
macroglobinemia
Blue Bloater
· Chronic
Bronchitis
Boot-Shaped
Heart
· Tetralogy
of Fallot
Bouchard's
Nodes
· osteoarthritis
(PIP)
Boutonniere's
Deformity
· rheumatoid
arthritis
Brown Tumor
· hyperparathyroidism
Chancre
· 1°
Syphilis
Charcot-Leyden
Crystals
· bronchial
asthma
Chvostek's
Sign
· Hypocalcemia
facial spasm in tetany
Codman's
Triangle
· osteosarcoma
Cotton Wool
Spots
· Retinal
Damage Hypertension
Curschmann's
Spirals
· bronchial
asthma
Depigmentation
Of Substantia Nigra
· Parkinson's
Eburnation
· osteoarthritis
(polished, ivory-like appearance of bone)
Fatty Liver
· Alcoholism
Ferruginous
Bodies
· asbestosis
Ghon Focus
/ Complex
· Tuberculosis
(1°
& 2°
, respectively)
Gowers Maneuver
· Duchenne's
MD use of arms to stand
Heberden's
Nodes
· Osteoarthritis
(DIP)
Heinz Bodies
· G6PDH
Deficiency
Hemorrhagic
Urticaria
· Henoch-Schönlein
Hypochromic
Microcytic RBCs
· iron-deficiency
anemia
Joint Mice
· osteoarthritis
Kussmaul Breathing
· acidosis
Kayser-Fleischer
Ring
· Wilson's
Disease
Koplik Spots
· measles
Lewy Bodies
· Parkinson's
(eosinophilic inclusions in damaged substantia nigra cells)
Lines of Zahn
· arterial
thrombus
Lisch Nodules
· neurofibromatosis
(von Recklinghausen's disease)
Myxedema
· hypothyroidism
Negri Bodies
· rabies
Neuritic Plaques
· Alzheimer's
Neurofibrillary
Tangles
· Alzheimer's
Notching of
Ribs
· Coarctation
of Aorta
Nutmeg Liver
· CHF
Pannus
· rheumatoid
arthritis
Philadelphia
Chromosome
· CML
· ALL
Pick Bodies
· Pick's
Disease
Pink Puffer
· Emphysema
Centroacinar - smoking Panacinar - a1-antitrypsin deficiency
Podagra
· gout
Big Toe
Port-Wine Stain
· Hemangioma
Pseudohypertrophy
· Duchenne
muscular dystrophy
Punched-Out
Bone Lesions
· multiple
myeloma
Reed-Sternberg
Cells
· Hodgkin's
Disease
Reid Index
Increased
· chronic
bronchitis
Rouleaux Formation
· multiple
myeloma RBC's stacked as poker chips
S3 Heart Sound
· L®R
Shunt (VSD, PDA)
· Mitral
Regurgitation
· LV
Failure
S4 Heart Sound
· Pulmonary
Stenosis
· Pulmonary
Hypertension
Simian Crease
· Down's
Soap Bubble
on X-Ray
· giant
cell tumor of bone
Tendinous Xanthomas
· Familial
Hypercholesterolemia
Tophi
· gout
WBC Casts
· pyelonephritis
Alpha feto-protein
in amniotic fluid or mother's serum
· Spina
Bifida
· Anencephaly
Uric Acid
· Gout
· Lesch
Nyhan
· Myeloproliferative
Disorders
· Diuretics
(Loop & Thiazides)
¯
FEV1/FVC
· COPD
Most Common.
1°
Tumor arising from bone in adults
· Osteosarcoma
Adrenal Medullary
Tumor - Adults
· Pheochromocytoma
Bacterial Meningitis
- adults
· Neisseria
meningitidis
Bacterial Meningitis
- elderly
· Strep
pneumoniae
Bacterial Meningitis
- newborns
· E.
coli
Bone Tumors
· Metastases
from Breast & Prostate
Brain Tumor
- Child
· Medulloblastoma
(cerebellum)
Brain Tumor
-Adult
· Astrocytoma
(including Glioblastoma Multiforme) then: mets, meningioma, Schwannoma
Breast Carcinoma
· Invasive
Duct Carcinoma
Breast Mass
· Fibrocystic
Change (Carcinoma is the most common is post-menopausal women)
Bug in Acute
Endocarditis
· Staph.aureus
Bug in debilitated,
hospitalized pneumonia pt
· Klebsiella
Cardiac 1°
Tumor - Adults
· Myxoma
"Ball Valve"
Cardiac 1°
Tumor - Child
· Rhabdomyoma
Cardiac Tumor
- Adults
· Metastases
Cardiomyopathy
· Dilated
(Congestive) Cardiomyopathy
Cause of Addison's
· Autoimmune
(2nd - infection)
Cause of Cushing's
· Exogenous
Steroid Therapy (then, 1° ACTH, Adrenal Adenoma, Ectopic ACTH)
Cause of death
in Alzheimer patients
· Pneumonia
Cause of death
in Diabetics
· MI
Cause of Death
in SLE patients
· Lupus
Nephropathy Type IV (Diffuse Proliferative)
Cause of Dementia
· Alzheimer's
Cause of Dementia
(2nd most common)
· Multi-Infarct
Dementia
Cause of mental
retardation
· Down's
Cause of mental
retardation (2nd most common)
· Fragile
X
Cause of preventable
blindness
· Chlamydia
Chromosomal
disorder
· Down's
Congenital
cardiac anomaly
· Ventricular
Septal Defect
Congenital
early cyanosis
· Tetralogy
of Fallot
Coronary Artery
thrombosis
· Left
Anterior Descending Artery
Demyelinating
Disease
· Multiple
Sclerosis
Dietary Deficiency
· Iron
Disseminated
opportunistic infection in AIDS
· CMV
(Pneumocystis carinii is most common overall)
Esophageal
cancer
· Squamous
cell carcinoma
Fatal genetic
defect in Caucasians
· Cystic
Fibrosis
Female Tumor
· Leiomyoma
(Uterine Fibroids)
Gynecologic
malignancy
· Endometrial
Carcinoma
Heart Murmur
· Mitral
Valve Prolapse
Heart Valve
in bacterial endocarditis
· Mitral
Heart Valve
in bacterial endocarditis in IV drug users
· Tricuspid
Heart Valve
involved in Rheumatic Fever
· Mitral
then Aortic
Hereditary
Bleeding Disorder
· Von
Willebrand's Disease
Liver Disease
· Alcoholic
Liver Disease
Location of
Adult brain tumors
· Above
Tentorium
Location of
Childhood brain tumors
· Below
Tentorium
Lysosomal Storage
Disease
· Gaucher's
Motor Neuron
Disease
· Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis
Neoplasm -
Child
· Leukemia
Neoplasm -
Child (2nd most common)
· Medulloblastoma
of brain (cerebellum)
Nephrotic Syndrome
· Membranous
Glomerulonephritis
Ovarian Malignancy
· Serous
Cystadenoma
Ovarian Tumor
· Hamartoma
Pancreatic
Tumor
· Adenocarcinoma
(usually in the head)
Patient with
ALL / CLL / AML / CML
· ALL
- Child / CLL - Adult over 60 / AML - Adult over 60 / CML - Adult 35-50
Patient with
Goodpasture's
· Young
male
Patient with
Reiter's
· Male
Pituitary Tumor
· Prolactinoma
(2nd - Somatotropic "Acidophilic" Adenoma)
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
· Adenomas
(followed by: hyperplasia, then carcinoma)
Pt. With Hodgkin's
· Young
Male (except Nodular Sclerosis type - Female)
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
· Hypocalcemia
of Chronic Renal Failure
Sexually transmitted
disease
· Chlamydia
Site of Diverticula
· Sigmoid
Colon
Site of metastasis
· Regional
Lymph Nodes
Site of metastasis
(2nd most common)
· Liver
Sites of atherosclerosis
· Abdominal
aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid
Skin Cancer
· Basal
Cell Carcinoma
Stomach cancer
· Adenocarcinoma
Testicular
Tumor
· Seminoma
Thyroid Cancer
· Papillary
Carcinoma
Tracheoesophageal
Fistula
· Lower
esophagus joins trachea / upper esophagus - blind pouch
Tumor of Infancy
· Hemangioma
Type of Hodgkin's
Lymphoma
· Mixed
Cellularity (versus: lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion,
nodular sclerosis)
Type of Non-Hodgkin's
· Follicular,
small cleaved
Vasculitis
(of medium & small arteries)
· Temporal
Arteritis
Worm infection
in US
· Pinworm
(2nd - Ascaris)